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The Fundamentals Within

A Digital World of Blockchain

Within the Web 3.0 space, next to the cryptocurrencies set in place that is discussed in the media, more opportunistic directions of the platform are showcased through the use of tokens. Specifically to this, they are called "non-fungible" tokens, which are assets in the form of various digital or real-world assets, including artworks, GIFs, videos, virtual avatars, in-game currencies, music, ownership certificates, legal contracts, and more that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided. As they've gained popularity within the space, this new format of digital art creation has provided opportunities for artists to showcase their work without having to undergo the struggles of having to so- to speak, create your own art show or video game in order to showcase them.

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In order to ensure that the movement of these non-fungible tokens do not spur traffic that may disrupt the creative process of these artists, the process of 'Token Standards' is set in place which involves the procedure of encoding metadata that can help to verify a particular asset to its appropriate owner. The setstone of these Token Standards largely rely on the mint function of an NFT, which is meant to check the specifications of an assets metadata which can involve hex values which can involve color codes, titles and descriptions stored into a particular storage system called 'off-chain storage'. A lot of these processes which are focused on ensuring the uniformities of the assets in a fashion that can be freely shared within the peer-to-peer network of the blockchain, depend largely on working within a 'decentralized' fashion, where unlike having your work looked over by a potential organization within a central server, is focused on making sure everything is shared across owners within the platform. With decentralized servers, an IPFS which stands for 'Interplanetary File System', are meant to assure that the assets are not interchangeable by transferring them from one system to another by combining metadata with links upon the Token Standards mentioned earlier, in order to establish an automatic encoding process which stores the information in an off-chain storage system at ease. These standards, specific to NFTs in common, go by the name ERC1155 and ERC721. To avoid complicating either of the two standards, we'll focus on explaining what the ERC1155 standard is meant to represent. As 'hex' values have been mentioned from before, this standard is essential in making use of fundamental functions such as a uint256 variable_id, which helps in defining fungible tokens by the ID of the owner for which it will be transferred from. Below is an algorithm that defines this standard, as well as the metadata that gets stored into an off-chain storage.

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// Algorithm 2: NFT Standard 1155
interface IERC1155
{
function balanceOf(address _owner, uint256 _id) external view returns (address);
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _id, uint256 quantity) external payable
}

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This particular algorithm ensures that through functions such as 'transferFrom' and 'balanceOf', assets are externally traded between systems through an unsigned integer (uinit256) which is able to store non-negative integers. Second to this secure algorithm, ERC721 is notable as well but consists of scalability issues as processes such as compressing data in order to save off-chain file storage and uncompressing it to spare higher resolution of the particular asset struggles to be distinguished, hence why it is commonly replaced with the Flow-standard, a protocol developed by Dapper labs which is implemented in order to make this process as smooth as possible. Referring back to the sole structure of metadata, the hex values are commonly to be set in place through the algorithm seen below.

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// Algorithm 3: Metadata file
{
"name": "Color",
"hex": "#F08080",
"link": "https://bit.ly/3mdRahT",
"owner": "0x6902702BB5678D7361C94441c71F600C255dd833"
}

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Using the "name", "hex", "link", and "owner" ID, this ensures to verify the ownership of a particular asset to its rightful owner. Second to the standards mentioned, ERC721 is also built into a special type of blockchain set by the major cryptocurrency exchange company by the name of Binance, which goes by Binance Smart Chain (BSC). Similar in many ways, BRC721 allows content creators to tokenize the ownership of their assets and the data contained within it through a unique identifier, or DID (decentralized identifier) which applies a private key to a particular owner that can use it to prove or control their own identity. Similar to the algorithmic code behind ERC721, this one implements the code of totalSupply, which is defined by the 'total amount of coins or tokens of a specific cryptocurrency that have been created or mined, that are in circulation, including those that are locked or reserved.'

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As the tokenization of digital assets within the web 3.0 space ensures that there is regulated circulation of transactions in order to manage the economy under a regulatory fashion, issues may arise regarding profits behind these rightful ownerships as verifying them through the process of minting may create major hikes or dips in its value, since the value behind the transactions apart from metadata are largely reliant on the general nature of the cryptocurrency it works behind. Though second to this, another opportunity to combine these digital works within a collaborative space are done so through the Metaverse, a decenetralized space where content creators or explorers may make use of virtual or augmented reality headsets in interacting with a three-dimensional streamline of world creations not limited by the space and time of physical reality.

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With this world consisting of seven layers, the ones that should be kept in mind with understanding it are the human interface, infrastructure, and Internet of Things (IoT). Regarding the human interface, this layer is focused on sharing experiences between users of the world by helping to receive information useful in understanding the world through spatial computing, where the VR or AR headset can be used in visually understanding the digital space by associating it with the physical world. Adding onto human interface, other layers such as the infrastructure are essential in improving network connection technologies by using 5G and 6G, which can help with reducing the congestion of network bandwidth. In finality, the Internet of Things is identified as a layer in combining and constructing a 3D user interface that can help to associate the physical world with the digital one by providing minimal effort for the user in making data-driven judgements that can assist organizations in understanding utilizing the platform, with specific mentions being virtual offices within the Metaverse where companies may hold meetings. As these instances also require an actual environment that can be worked within using augmented reality technology, the Metaverse may collect important data such as biometric psychography in order to measure user data emotions that are key in identifying concerns for privacy and data security, especially when it's within an algorithmic bias that functions outside of the physical world and is capable of identifying unintentional behavioral assumptions.

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When it comes to improvements that the Metaverse can make, especially when it makes use of NFTs, is to be able to provide an open-source space where users within a global community have an opportunity to suggest solutions that may allow others to move smoothly between various three-dimensional spaces in order to embody anything that involves an avatar that is capable of sharing intercommunication experiences with others. Though this is yet to be an improvement by large organizations, especially that of Facebook which has mentioned the name at a multitude of times on social media, industry partners and experts agree that such an ambitious concept requires a significant amount of work to be done in order to help with contemplating a future where numerous issues that make up for strongly establishing this new generation after the Web 2.0 era of the internet must be resolved.